Descripción general
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La lisencefalia, también conocida como cerebro liso, es una malformación de la corteza cerebral asociada con una migración neuronal anormal y el desarrollo de circunvoluciones o circunvoluciones cerebrales. Puede haber circunvoluciones ausentes (agyria) o circunvoluciones anormalmente anchas (paquigiria) junto con una corteza anormalmente gruesa y mal organizada, heterotopía neuronal difusa, ventrículos dismórficos y, a menudo, falta de desarrollo del cuerpo calloso. La lisencefalia se ha asociado con varios síndromes, por lo que los factores genéticos juegan un papel importante en su etiología. Es una causa importante de morbilidad neurológica en los niños de todo el mundo, responsable de muchos casos de retraso mental, parálisis cerebral y epilepsia. En su mayoría se hereda con un patrón autosómico recesivo, aunque hay formas que se heredan de manera autosómica dominante y ligada al cromosoma X.
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El panel de precisión de lisencefalia de Igenomix se puede utilizar para realizar un diagnóstico directo y preciso que, en última instancia, conduce a un mejor manejo y pronóstico de la enfermedad. Proporciona un análisis completo de los genes involucrados en esta enfermedad utilizando secuenciación de próxima generación (NGS) para comprender completamente el espectro de genes relevantes involucrados.
Indicación
- El panel de precisión de lisencefalia de Igenomix está indicado para aquellos pacientes con hallazgos en las imágenes de la cabeza (ecografía, tomografía computarizada (TC), resonancia magnética (RM)) sugestivos de lisencefalia o con las siguientes manifestaciones:
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Apariencia facial inusual
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Dificultad para tragar
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Fracaso para prosperar
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Espasmos musculares
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Convulsiones
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Retraso psicomotor severo
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Manos, pies o dedos de los pies deformados
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Microcefalia (cabeza pequeña)
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Utilidad clínica
La utilidad clínica de este panel es:
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La confirmación genética y molecular para un diagnóstico clínico preciso de un paciente sintomático.
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Inicio precoz del tratamiento sintomático y de apoyo en forma de derivación precoz a un centro de alto riesgo, asesoramiento multidisciplinar y estrecha coordinación entre pediatría, neurólogos y otros especialistas.
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Evaluación de riesgo de familiares asintomáticos según el modo de herencia.
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Mejora de la delimitación de la correlación genotipo-fenotipo.
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Identificación de la base genética de estos trastornos asociados para una mejor comprensión de los mecanismos del desarrollo cerebral.
Genes y enfermedades
Genes & Diseases
GENE |
OMIM DISEASES |
INHERITANCE* |
% GENE COVERAGE (20X) |
HGMD** |
ACTB |
Baraitser-Winter |
AD |
100 |
40 of 40 |
ACTG1 |
Baraitser-Winter |
AD |
98.59 |
55 of 55 |
ADAMTS3 |
Hennekam |
AR |
99.97 |
4 of 4 |
ADGRG1 |
Bilateral |
AR |
100 |
NA of NA |
ANKLE2 |
Autosomal |
AR |
96.08 |
4 of 4 |
APC2 |
Complex Cortical |
AR |
94.97 |
11 of 11 |
ARHGAP31 |
Adams-Oliver |
AD |
100 |
6 of 6 |
ARX |
Agenesis of Corpus |
X,XR,G |
81.92 |
NA of NA |
ASPM |
Autosomal |
AR |
99.74 |
221 of 222 |
ATP6V0A2 |
Autosomal |
AR |
99.99 |
55 of 55 |
ATP6V1A |
Autosomal |
AD,AR |
99.98 |
9 of 9 |
ATP6V1E1 |
Autosomal |
AR |
100 |
2 of 2 |
ATR |
Familial |
AD,AR |
99.98 |
39 of 40 |
B3GALNT2 |
Muscular |
AR |
97.14 |
17 of 17 |
B4GAT1 |
Muscular Dystrophy- |
AR |
na |
na |
CASK |
Nonspherocytic |
X,XR,XD,G |
99.98 |
NA of NA |
CCBE1 |
Hennekam |
AR |
100 |
16 of 16 |
CCDC88A |
Peho-like |
AR |
91.9 |
3 of 4 |
CDK5 |
Lissencephaly |
AR |
100 |
5 of 5 |
CDK5RAP2 |
Autosomal |
AR |
100 |
32 of 32 |
CDK6 |
Autosomal |
AR |
100 |
1 of 1 |
CDKL5 |
Early Epileptic |
X,XD,G |
99.92 |
NA of NA |
CENPJ |
Autosomal |
AR |
99.97 |
13 of 13 |
CEP135 |
Autosomal |
AR |
99.48 |
7 of 8 |
CEP152 |
Autosomal |
AR |
97.73 |
21 of 24 |
CEP63 |
Autosomal |
AR |
100 |
3 of 3 |
CEP85L |
Lissencephaly |
AD |
99.73 |
1 of 1 |
CIT |
Autosomal |
AR |
99.98 |
17 of 17 |
COL4A1 |
Hereditary |
AD |
99.99 |
173 of 173 |
COPB2 |
Autosomal |
AR |
99.64 |
4 of 4 |
CPT2 |
Carnitine |
AD,AR |
99.99 |
116 of 116 |
CRADD |
Autosomal |
AR |
99.62 |
6 of 7 |
CRPPA |
Muscular Dystrophy- |
AR |
97.69 |
NA of NA |
CSNK2A1 |
Okur-Chung |
AD |
99.95 |
23 of 23 |
CTNNA2 |
Complex Cortical |
AR |
99.95 |
8 of 8 |
CTU2 |
Microcephaly, |
AR |
99.93 |
6 of 6 |
DAG1 |
Muscular Dystrophy- |
AR |
99.98 |
9 of 9 |
DCHS1 |
Van Maldergem |
AD,AR |
99.69 |
30 of 30 |
DCX |
X-linked |
X,G |
100 |
NA of NA |
DHCR24 |
Desmosterolosis |
AR |
100 |
10 of 10 |
DMXL2 |
Early Infantile |
AD,AR |
99.83 |
19 of 23 |
DYNC1H1 |
Charcot-Marie- |
AD |
100 |
104 of 104 |
EML1 |
Band |
AR |
98.88 |
7 of 7 |
ETFA |
Multiple |
AR |
92.33 |
32 of 32 |
ETFB |
Multiple |
AR |
100 |
21 of 21 |
ETFDH |
Multiple |
AR |
100 |
221 of 222 |
FAT4 |
Hennekam |
AR |
99.8 |
41 of 41 |
FIG4 |
Amyotrophic Lateral |
AD,AR |
99.92 |
72 of 72 |
FKRP |
Muscular |
AR |
99.9 |
157 of 157 |
FKTN |
Muscular Dystrophy- |
AR |
98 |
54 of 56 |
FLI1 |
Platelet-Type |
AD,AR |
100 |
7 of 7 |
FOXG1 |
Rett Syndrome, |
AD |
88.71 |
93 of 109 |
FTO |
Growth Retardation, |
AR |
99.91 |
8 of 8 |
GFM2 |
Combined Oxidative |
AR |
99.35 |
5 of 7 |
GMPPB |
Muscular Dystrophy- |
AR |
99.95 |
53 of 53 |
GNAO1 |
Early Infnatile |
AD |
100 |
47 of 47 |
GPX4 |
Spondylometaphyseal |
AR |
79.72 |
3 of 3 |
HIC1 |
Miller-Dieker |
– |
97.7 |
NA of NA |
ISCA1 |
Multiple |
AR |
99.86 |
2 of 2 |
KATNB1 |
Lissencephaly |
AR |
100 |
10 of 10 |
KCNA1 |
Episodic Ataxia |
AD |
100 |
49 of 49 |
KIAA1109 |
Alkuraya-Kucinskas |
AR |
99.95 |
21 of 21 |
KIF14 |
Meckel Syndrome, |
AR |
99.84 |
18 of 18 |
KIF2A |
Complex Cortical |
AD |
99.91 |
7 of 7 |
KIFBP |
Goldberg- |
AR |
99.27 |
NA of NA |
KNL1 |
Autosomal |
AR |
98.91 |
NA of NA |
LAGE3 |
Galloway-Mowat |
X,XR,G |
91.36 |
NA of NA |
LAMA2 |
Muscular Dystrophy |
AR |
100 |
363 of 377 |
LAMB1 |
Lissencephaly, |
AR |
99.97 |
8 of 9 |
LAMC3 |
Occipital Cortical |
AR |
98.72 |
22 of 22 |
LARGE1 |
Muscular Dystrophy- |
AR |
100 |
NA of NA |
MACF1 |
Lissencephaly With |
AD |
99.94 |
18 of 18 |
MCPH1 |
Autosomal |
AR |
99.51 |
18 of 19 |
METTL5 |
Intellectual |
AR |
99.9 |
4 of 4 |
MFSD2A |
Autosomal |
AR |
97.58 |
6 of 6 |
MLYCD |
Malonyl-CoA |
AR |
93.84 |
32 of 40 |
MPDZ |
Autosomal |
AR |
99.44 |
58 of 58 |
NCAPD3 |
Autosomal |
AR |
99.97 |
4 of 5 |
NDE1 |
Lissencephaly, |
AR |
86.55 |
12 of 13 |
NEK1 |
Amyotrophic |
AD,AR,MU,D |
99.83 |
73 of 74 |
NEUROD2 |
Early Infantile |
AD |
96.88 |
2 of 2 |
NSDHL |
Congenital |
X,XR,XD,G |
100 |
NA of NA |
NUP107 |
Galloway- |
AR |
99.91 |
15 of 15 |
NUP133 |
Galloway- |
AR |
99.94 |
6 of 6 |
OCLN |
Pseudo-Torch |
AR |
86.89 |
15 of 17 |
OSGEP |
Galloway-Mowat |
AR |
99.17 |
19 of 19 |
PAFAH1B1 |
Lissencephaly, |
AD |
99.95 |
90 of 92 |
PEX10 |
Peroxisome |
AR |
99.76 |
29 of 32 |
PEX13 |
Peroxisome Biogenesis |
AR |
99.98 |
11 of 12 |
PHC1 |
Autosomal |
AR |
91.73 |
1 of 1 |
PHGDH |
Neu-Laxova |
AR |
100 |
26 of 26 |
PI4KA |
Presylvian |
AR |
99.76 |
4 of 4 |
PIGP |
Early Infantile |
AR |
99.98 |
2 of 2 |
PIGQ |
Early |
AR |
99.99 |
4 of 4 |
PIK3R2 |
Megalencephaly– |
AD |
90.81 |
7 of 7 |
PNKP |
Ataxia-Oculomotor |
AR |
100 |
36 of 36 |
POMGNT1 |
Muscular Dystrophy |
AR |
99.91 |
82 of 83 |
POMGNT2 |
Muscular Dystrophy- |
AR |
100 |
10 of 10 |
POMK |
Muscular Dystrophy |
AR |
99.99 |
8 of 8 |
POMT1 |
Muscular Dystrophy- |
AR |
100 |
105 of 105 |
POMT2 |
Muscular Dystrophy- |
AR |
100 |
74 of 74 |
PRKDC |
Immunodeficiency |
AR |
99.74 |
9 of 10 |
PSAT1 |
Neu-Laxova |
AR |
99.95 |
9 of 9 |
PYCR2 |
Hypomyelinating |
AR |
98.29 |
14 of 14 |
RAB18 |
Warburg Micro |
AR |
100 |
4 of 4 |
RAB3GAP1 |
Warburg Micro |
AR |
99.94 |
70 of 70 |
RAB3GAP2 |
Martsolf Syndrome, |
AR |
100 |
17 of 17 |
RELN |
Familial Temporal |
AD,AR |
100 |
70 of 70 |
RMND1 |
Combined |
AR |
99.67 |
15 of 16 |
RNU4ATAC |
Lowry-Wood |
AR |
na |
na |
RTTN |
Microcephaly, |
AR |
99.94 |
28 of 29 |
RXYLT1 |
Muscular |
AR |
99.46 |
NA of NA |
SASS6 |
Autosomal |
AR |
99.14 |
6 of 6 |
SCN1B |
Early Infantile |
AD,AR |
99.67 |
46 of 48 |
SCN2A |
Early Infantile |
AD |
100 |
351 of 351 |
SIK1 |
Early Infantile |
AD |
99.67 |
9 of 9 |
SLC25A19 |
Microcephaly, |
AR |
97.13 |
10 of 10 |
SLC25A22 |
Early Infantile |
AR |
100 |
16 of 16 |
SNAP29 |
Cerebral Dysgenesis, |
AR |
100 |
13 of 13 |
SRPX2 |
Rolandic |
AD |
100 |
NA of NA |
STIL |
Autosomal |
AR |
99.94 |
18 of 18 |
STS |
Recessive |
X,XR,G |
100 |
NA of NA |
STXBP1 |
9q33.3q34.11 |
AD |
100 |
209 of 215 |
TAF13 |
Autosomal |
AR |
99.97 |
5 of 5 |
TBC1D20 |
Warburg |
AR |
99.94 |
6 of 6 |
TBR1 |
Intellectual |
AD |
99.04 |
13 of 13 |
TCTN1 |
Joubert Syndrome |
AR |
94.98 |
10 of 10 |
TCTN2 |
Joubert Syndrome, |
AR |
100 |
14 of 14 |
TMTC3 |
Lissencephaly |
AR |
99.04 |
10 of 10 |
TMX2 |
Neurodevelopmental |
AR |
99.98 |
12 of 12 |
TP53RK |
Galloway- |
AR |
97.68 |
5 of 5 |
TPRKB |
Galloway- |
AR |
85.66 |
2 of 2 |
TRAPPC14 |
Autosomal |
AR |
na |
na |
TRIM8 |
Early Infantile |
– |
99.5 |
7 of 7 |
TUBA1A |
Lissencephaly |
AD |
100 |
95 of 95 |
TUBB2B |
Complex |
AD |
84.28 |
29 of 38 |
TUBB3 |
Complex Cortical |
AD |
99.96 |
30 of 30 |
TUBG1 |
Complex Cortical |
AD |
99.94 |
10 of 10 |
TUBGCP2 |
Pachygyria, |
AR |
96.78 |
4 of 4 |
TUBGCP6 |
Microcephaly |
AR |
99.49 |
12 of 13 |
VAC14 |
Childhood-Onset |
AR |
100 |
11 of 11 |
VIPAS39 |
Arthrogryposis, |
AR |
100 |
15 of 15 |
VLDLR |
Cerebellar |
AR |
100 |
20 of 20 |
VPS33B |
Arthrogryposis, |
AR |
100 |
62 of 62 |
WDR26 |
Skraban– |
AD |
99.31 |
22 of 22 |
WDR4 |
Galloway- |
AR |
99.91 |
7 of 7 |
WDR62 |
Autosomal |
AR |
100 |
60 of 61 |
WDR73 |
Galloway-Mowat Syndrome, |
AR |
95.71 |
14 of 14 |
YWHAE |
17p13.3 Microduplication |
– |
98.99 |
0 of 1 |
ZNHIT3 |
Peho |
AR |
73.96 |
1 of 1 |
* Herencia: AD: Autosómico Dominante; AR: autosómico recesivo; X: ligado a X; XLR: recesivo vinculado a X; Mi: mitocondrial; Mu: multifactorial; G: herencia gonosomal; D: herencia digénica
** HGMD: número de mutaciones clínicamente relevantes según HGMD
Referencias
Di Donato, N., Chiari, S., Mirzaa, G. M., Aldinger, K., Parrini, E., Olds, C., Barkovich, A. J., Guerrini, R., & Dobyns, W. B. (2017). Lissencephaly: Expanded imaging and clinical classification. American journal of medical genetics. Part A, 173(6), 1473–1488. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.38245
Fry, A. E., Cushion, T. D., & Pilz, D. T. (2014). The genetics of lissencephaly. American journal of medical genetics. Part C, Seminars in medical genetics, 166C(2), 198–210. https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.c.31402
Mochida G. H. (2009). Genetics and biology of microcephaly and lissencephaly. Seminars in pediatric neurology, 16(3), 120–126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spen.2009.07.001
Mochida G. H. (2008). Brain and nerve = Shinkei kenkyu no shinpo, 60(4), 437–444.
Romero, D. M., Bahi-Buisson, N., & Francis, F. (2018). Genetics and mechanisms leading to human cortical malformations. Seminars in cell & developmental biology, 76, 33–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.09.031
Parrini, E., Conti, V., Dobyns, W. B., & Guerrini, R. (2016). Genetic Basis of Brain Malformations. Molecular syndromology, 7(4), 220–233. https://doi.org/10.1159/000448639