Descripción general
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Los síndromes de cáncer hereditario se encuentran en todas las especialidades médicas. Aunque representan alrededor del 5% de todas las neoplasias malignas, es de especial importancia identificar a estos pacientes porque, a diferencia de los pacientes con cánceres esporádicos, requieren cuidados especiales a largo plazo ya que su predisposición puede hacer que desarrollen ciertos tumores a una edad relativamente temprana. edad. Estos cánceres pueden surgir en los pulmones, riñones, hígado, páncreas, piel, ojos, corazón. La mayoría de los cánceres hereditarios están asociados con una «mutación de la línea germinal» que estará presente en todas las células del cuerpo humano. La identificación de pacientes con riesgo de susceptibilidad hereditaria al cáncer depende de la capacidad de caracterizar genes y alteraciones asociadas con un mayor riesgo de cáncer, así como de recopilar antecedentes personales y familiares detallados que ayuden a identificar el modo de herencia, así como a otros miembros de la familia en riesgo de sufrir esta susceptibilidad. La mayoría de los síndromes de cáncer hereditario siguen una herencia autosómica dominante y la penetrancia es alta.
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El panel de precisión del cáncer de susceptibilidad de Igenomix proporciona un análisis completo de los síndromes de cáncer hereditario más comunes utilizando secuenciación de próxima generación (NGS) para comprender completamente el espectro de genes de predisposición al cáncer relevantes.
Indicaciones
El Panel de Precisión de Sensibilidad Cáncer de Igenomix está indicado en aquellos casos en los que exista:
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Varios parientes del mismo lado de la familia con el mismo cáncer o formas relacionadas
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Cáncer a temprana edad.
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Presentación precoz de un tipo de cáncer agresivo.
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Múltiples cánceres primarios en un individuo
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Paciente asintomático sin antecedentes personales o familiares que desee conocer la susceptibilidad genética al cáncer
Utilidad clínica
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El diagnóstico genético y molecular para un diagnóstico clínico preciso de un paciente con antecedentes personales o familiares que sugieran un síndrome de cáncer hereditario.
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Inicio temprano del tratamiento con un equipo multidisciplinario para un cribado corporal total apropiado, una intervención quirúrgica temprana y / o un cribado temprano.
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Evaluación de riesgo de familiares asintomáticos según el modo de herencia.
Genes y enfermedades
GENE |
OMIM DISEASES |
INHERITANCE* |
% GENE COVERAGE (20X) |
HGMD** |
|
APC |
APC-related attenuated Familial Adenomatous Polyposis, Cenani-Lenz Syndrome, Colorectal Cancer, Hereditary Desmoid disease, Desmoid Tumor, Familial Adenomatous Polyposis 1, Familial Adenomatous Polyposis due to 5q22.2 microdeletion, Gardner syndrome, Gastric cancer, Hepatocellular carcinoma, Turcot syndrome with polyposis |
AD |
98.92 |
1846 of 1882 |
|
ATM |
Ataxia-telangiectasia, Breast Cancer, Mantle Cell lymphoma |
AD,AR |
99.93 |
1608 of 1632 |
|
AXIN2 |
AXIN2-related attenuated Familial Adenomatous Polyposis, Colorectal Cancer, Oligodontia-Colorectal Cancer Syndrome |
AD |
99.86 |
32 of 33 |
|
BAP1 |
Familial Melanoma, Meningioma, Tumor Predisposition Syndrome, Uveal Melanoma |
AD |
100 |
194 of 195 |
|
BARD1 |
Breast Cancer, Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer syndrome |
AD |
99.86 |
195 of 195 |
|
BMPR1A |
Familial Colorectal Cancer Type X, Generalized Juvenile Polyposis/Juvenile Polyposis Coli, Hereditary Mixed Polyposis syndrome, Juvenile Polyposis of Infancy, Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome |
AD |
100 |
124 of 127 |
|
BRCA1 |
Breast Cancer, Familial Breast-Ovarian Cancer, Familial Pancreatic Carcinoma, Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group S, Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer syndrome, Primary Peritoneal Carcinoma |
AD,AR,MU |
98.97 |
2783 of 2894 |
|
BRCA2 |
Breast Cancer, Familial Breast-Ovarian Cancer, Familial Pancreatic Carcinoma, Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group D1, Glioma 3, Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer syndrome, Medulloblastoma, Nephroblastoma, Pancreatic Cancer, Prostate Cancer, Wilms Tumor 1 |
AD,AR,MU |
98.51 |
3343 of 3451 |
|
BRIP1 |
Breast Cancer, Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group J, Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer syndrome |
AD,AR |
94.97 |
235 of 237 |
|
CDH1 |
Blepharo-Cheilo-Odontic syndrome, Breast Cancer, Cleft lip/palate, Endometrial Carcinoma, Gastric Cancer, Prostate Cancer, Suppressor of Tumorigenicity 8 |
AD |
100 |
361 of 363 |
|
CDK4 |
Familial Melanoma, Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma, Well-differentiated Liposarcoma |
AD |
100 |
22 of 22 |
|
CDKN2A |
Familial Melanoma, Familial Pancreatic Carcinoma, Li-Fraumeni syndrome, Melanoma-Astrocytoma Syndrome, Melanoma-Pancreatic Cancer Syndrome, Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma |
AD |
94.99 |
257 of 262 |
|
CHEK2 |
Breast Cancer, Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome, Li-Fraumeni Syndrome 2, Osteosarcoma, Prostate Cancer |
AD |
99.47 |
307 of 310 |
|
EPCAM |
Colorectal Cancer, Hereditary Nonpolyposis type 8, Congenital Diarrhea 5 with Tufting Enteropathy, Lynch Syndrome |
AR |
99.94 |
52 of 70 |
|
FANCC |
Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group C |
AR |
100 |
75 of 75 |
|
FANCM |
Fanconi Anemia, Male infertility with azoospermia or oligozoospermia due to single gene mutation, Premature Ovarian Failure 15, Spermatogenic Failure 28 |
AR |
99.73 |
59 of 61 |
|
FH |
Fumarase Deficiency, Hereditary Leiomyomatosis and Renal Cell Cancer, Hereditary Pheochromocytoma-Paraganglioma, Multiple Hereditary Leiomyoma of Skin |
AD,AR |
100 |
229 of 232 |
|
FLCN |
Birt-Hogg-Dube Syndrome, Colorectal Cancer, Familial Spontaneous Pneumothorax, Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax, Potocki-Lupski Syndrome, Nonpapillary Renal Cell Carcinoma |
AD |
100 |
200 of 205 |
|
HOXB13 |
Hereditary Prostate Cancer 9 |
|
100 |
5 of 5 |
|
MEN1 |
Familial Isolated Hyperparathyroidism, Insulinoma, Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1, Pituitary Gigantism, Prolactinoma |
AD |
99.9 |
871 of 876 |
|
MET |
Autosomal Recessive Deafness 97, Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Osteofibrous Dysplasia, Pediatric Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma |
AD,AR |
99.8 |
41 of 41 |
|
MITF |
Coloboma, Osteopetrosis, Microphthalmia, Macrcephaly, Albinism and Deafness, Familial Melanoma, Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma 8, Tietz Syndrome, Waardenburg Syndrome Type 2A, Waardenburg-Shah Syndrome |
AD,AR |
100 |
72 of 72 |
|
MLH1 |
Colorectal Cancer, Hereditary Nonpolyposis Type 2, Lynch Syndrome, Mismatch Repair Cancer Syndrome, Muir-Torre Syndrome |
AD,AR |
99.94 |
1079 of 1118 |
|
MSH2 |
Lynch syndrome, Mismatch Repair Cancer Syndrome, Muir-Torre Syndrome |
AD,AR |
99.99 |
1032 of 1057 |
|
MSH6 |
Colorectal Cancer, Hereditary Nonpolyposis Type 5, Endometrial Carcinoma, Lynch Syndrome, Mismatch Repair Cancer Syndrome, Muir-Torre Syndrome |
AD,AR |
99.28 |
613 of 641 |
|
MUTYH |
Familial Adenomatous Polyposis 2, Gastric Cancer, MUTYH-Related attenuated Familial Adenomatous Polyposis |
AR |
100 |
183 of 183 |
|
NBN |
Aplastic Anemia, Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome, Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia, Nijmegen Breakage Syndrome |
AR,MU,P |
100 |
200 of 200 |
|
NF1 |
17q11.2 Microduplication Syndrome, Hereditary Pheochromocytoma-Paraganglioma, Juvenile Myelomonocytic Leukemia, Neurofibromatosis Type 1 due to NF1 mutation or intragenic deletion, Neurofibromatosis-Noonan syndrome, Familial Spinal Neurofibromatosis, Watson Syndrome |
AD |
97.97 |
3082 of 3166 |
|
NTHL1 |
Familial Adenomatous Polyposis 3, NTHL1-Related attenuated Familial Adenomatous Polyposis |
AR |
100 |
13 of 13 |
|
PALB2 |
Breast Cancer, Familial Pancreatic Carcinoma, Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group N, Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome |
AD,AR |
98.78 |
601 of 617 |
|
PC |
Pyruvate Carboxylase Deficiency |
AR |
100 |
48 of 48 |
|
PMS2 |
Colorectal Cancer, Hereditary Nonpolyposis Type 4, Lynch Syndrome, Mismatch Repair Cancer Syndrome |
AD,AR |
97.17 |
264 of 285 |
|
POLD1 |
Colorectal Cancer 10, Mandibular Hypoplasia, Deafness, Progeroid Features and Lipodystrophy Syndrome, Polymerase proofreading-related Adenomatous Polyposis |
AD |
100 |
40 of 41 |
|
POLE |
Colorectal Cancer 12, Facial Dysmorphism, Immunodeficiency, Livedo and Short Stature, IMAGe Syndrome, Intrauterine Growth Retardation, Metaphyseal Dysplasia, Adrenal Hypoplasia Congenita, Genital Anomalies and Immunodeficiency, Polymerase proofreading-related Adenomatous Polyposis |
AD,AR |
100 |
100 of 100 |
|
POT1 |
Familial melanoma, Glioma 9, Cutaneous Malignanty Melanoma |
AD |
99.76 |
42 of 47 |
|
PTEN |
Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome, Cowden Syndrome, Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome, Juvenile Polyposis of Infancy, Lhermitte-Duclos Disease, Macrocephaly/Autism Syndrome, Familial Meningioma, Prostate Cancer, Proteus Syndrome, Segmental Outgrowth-Lipomatosis-Arteriovenous Malformation-Epidermal Nevus Syndrome |
AD |
99.97 |
609 of 629 |
|
RAD51C |
Familial Breast-Ovarian Cancer-1, Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group O, Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome |
AR |
100 |
130 of 130 |
|
RAD51D |
Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome |
|
100 |
97 of 97 |
|
RECQL |
Rapadilino Syndrome, Osteoarcoma, Lymphoma |
|
99.71 |
32 of 34 |
|
RET |
Congenital Failure of Autonomic Control, Haddad Syndrome, Hereditary Pheochromocytoma-Paraganglioma, Hirschsprung Disease, Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2A and 2B, Pheochromocytoma, Bilateral Renal Agenesis, Sporadic Pheochromocytoma/Secreting Paraganglioma, Familial Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma |
AD |
100 |
453 of 454 |
|
SCG5 |
Hereditary Mixed Polyposis syndrome |
|
100 |
na of na |
|
SDHB |
Carney-Stratakis Syndrome, Cowden Syndrome, Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor, Hereditary Pheochromocytoma-Paraganglioma, Isolated Succinate-CoQ Reductase Deficiency, Paragangliomas 4, Pheochromocytoma, Sporadic Pheochromocytoma/Secreting Paraganglioma |
AD |
100 |
261 of 264 |
|
SDHC |
Carney-Stratakis Syndrome, Cowden Syndrome, Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor, Hereditary Pheochromocytoma-Paraganglioma, Paragangliomas 3 |
AD |
99.95 |
62 of 63 |
|
SDHD |
Carcinoid Syndrome, Carney-Stratakis Syndrome, Cowden Syndrome, Hereditary Pheochromocytoma-Paraganglioma, Isolated Succinate-CoQ Reductase Deficiency, Mitochondrial Complex 2 Deficiency, Paragangliomas 1, Sporadic Pheochromocytoma, Pheochromocytoma/Secreting Paraganglioma |
AD,AR |
99.98 |
164 of 166 |
|
SMAD4 |
Familial Pancreatic Carcinoma, Familial Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm and Aortic Dissection, Generalized Juvenile Polyposis/Juvenile Polyposis Coli, Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia, Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome, Myhre Syndrome, Pancreatic Cancer |
AD |
99.56 |
136 of 136 |
|
STK11 |
Pancreatic Cancer, Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome, Testicular Tumor |
AD |
81.99 |
456 of 470 |
|
TP53 |
Adrenocortical Carcinoma, Basal Cell Carcinoma, Bone Marrow Failure Syndrome 5, Breast Cancer, Colorectal Cancer, Essential Thrombocythemia, Familial Pancreatic Carcinoma, Glioma 1, Hepatocellular Carcinoma, Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Syndrome, Li-Fraumeni Syndrome, Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma, Osteosarcoma, Pancreatic Cancer, Papilloma of Chroid Plexus |
AD,MU,P |
98.92 |
557 of 563 |
|
TSC1 |
Focal Cortical Dysplasia of Taylor, Lymphangioleiomyomatosis, Tuberous Sclerosis Complex, Tuberous Sclerosis-1 |
AD |
99.86 |
390 of 406 |
|
TSC2 |
Focal Cortical Dysplasia of Taylor, Lymphangioleiomyomatosis, Tuberous Sclerosis Complex, Tuberous Sclerosis-2 |
AD |
100 |
1157 of 1159 |
|
VHL |
Familial Erythrocytosis, Hereditary Pheochromocytoma-Paraganglioma, Pheochromocytoma, Nonpapillary Renal Cell Carcinoma, Sporadic Pheochromocytoma/Secreting Paraganglioma,Von Hippel-Lindau Syndrome |
AD,AR |
100 |
511 of 544 |
* Herencia: AD: Autosómico Dominante; AR: autosómico recesivo; X: ligado a X; XLR: recesivo vinculado a X; Mi: mitocondrial; Mu:multifactorial; G: herencia gonosomal; D: herencia digénica
** HGMD: número de mutaciones clínicamente relevantes según HGMD
Referencias
The American journal of gastroenterology, 110(2), 223–263. https://doi.org/10.1038/ajg.2014.435
a statement of the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG). Genetics In Medicine, 22(7), 1142-1148. doi: 10.1038/s41436-020-0783-8
Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 23(2), 276–292. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2005.10.042